Carbohydrates and Lipids

Note Packet

Lesson Topic Statement(s) and Objective(s) Activities
1 Carbohydrates

2.1.S1 (carbs):  Drawing molecular diagrams of glucose, ribose, a saturated fatty acid and a generalized amino acid .

  • Draw the molecular diagram of ribose.

  • Draw the molecular diagram of alpha-glucose.


2.1.S2 (carbs):  Identification of biochemical such as sugars, lipids, or amino acids from molecular drawings.

  • State the generalized chemical formula of the carbohydrates.

  • Identify the following carbohydrates from molecular drawings.

    • D-ribose

    • alpha glucose

    • beta glucose

    • cellulose

    • glycogen

    • amylose starch

    • amylopectin starch

2.3.U1:  Monosaccharide monomers are linked together by condensation reactions to form disaccharides and polysaccharide polymers.

  • Define monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharide.

  • List three examples of monosaccharides.

  • List three examples of disaccharides.

  • List three examples of polysaccharides.

  • Use molecular diagrams to draw the formation of maltose from two glucose monomers.

  • Explain a condensation reaction connecting two monosaccharides in the formation of a disaccharide.


2.3.A1:  Structure and function of cellulose and starch in plants and glycogen in humans.

  • State the structural difference between alpha and beta glucose.

  • Contrast the structure and functions of cellulose, amylose, amylopectin and glycogen.


2.3.S1:  Use of molecular visualization software to compare cellulose, starch and glycogen.

  • Demonstrate use of JMol to view molecular structures, including changing image size, rotating the image and changing the style of the molecular model.

  • Identify carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms by color.

Vision Learning carbs 

Biochem Booklet page for carbohydrates

Monosaccharides notes

Monosaccharides CFU 

Modeling monosaccharides 

Modeling monosaccharides debrief

Disaccharides notes

Disaccharides CFU

Polysaccharides notes

Polysaccharides CFU

Polymer modeling activity

Leaf strength lab (modify to focus on role of cellulose)

Modeling carbohydrates with molecular models

Banana carbohydrates option 1

Banana carbohydrates option 2

Molecules for 2.1.S2

AB: Baking with carbohydrates recipes

AB: Baking with carbohydrates submission form

Carb taste testing placemat

Carb taste testing “at home” version

Molecular visualization activity

Sugar processing flow chart

Sugar processing slides

Sugar processing taste testing (example)

Carb review presentation

AB:  the truth about carbs and calories
2 Lipids

2.1.S1 (lipids):  Drawing molecular diagrams of glucose, ribose, a saturated fatty acid and a generalized amino acid .

  • Draw the molecular diagram of a saturated fatty acid.

  • Identify the carboxyl and methyl groups on a fatty acid.


2.1.S2 (lipids):  Identification of biochemical such as sugars, lipids, or amino acids from molecular drawings.

  • Compare the relative amount of oxygen atoms in lipids to the amount in carbohydrates.

  • Identify the following lipids from molecular drawings.

    • Triglycerides

    • phospholipids

    • steroids

2.3.U2: Fatty acids can be saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated).

  • Describe the differences between saturated and unsaturated (mono- or poly-) fatty acids.


2.3.U3:  Unsaturated fatty acids can be cis or trans isomers.

  • Describe the differences between cis- and trans- fatty acids.


2.3.U4:  Triglycerides are formed by condensation from three fatty acids and one glycerol (Oxford Biology Course Companion page 77).

  • Outline the difference between fats and oils.

  • Explain a condensation reaction connecting fatty acids and glycerol to form a triglyceride.

  • State two functions of triglycerides.

Vision learning lipids

Lipids page for biochem booklet

Lipid function notes

Lipid function CFU

Cricsco mit insulation  demo

Which meat makes the healthiest lunch?

Phat lab images

Phat lab directions

Lipid structure notes

Lipid structure diagrams

Create a phospholipid cut outs

Create a triglyceride cut outs

Lipid structure CFU

Modeling lipids directions

Modeling lipids debrief

Modeling lipids with molecular model kits

A&B:  Lipids in your home scavenger hunt

A&B:  The Skinny on Fats

A&B:  Lipids and the SARS-CoV2

Lipids review


3 Health Claims

2.3.A2:  Scientific evidence for health risks of trans fat  and saturated fatty acids.

  • Discuss the relationship between saturated fatty acids and/or trans fat intake and rates of coronary heart disease.


2.3.NOS:  Evaluating claims- health claims made about lipids in diets need to be assessed.

  • Describe how the effect of lipids on health can be assessed scientifically.


2.3.A4:  Evaluation of evidence and the methods used to obtain the evidence for health claims made about lipids.

  • Define evaluation in respect to evidence from and methods of research.

  • Outline the manner in which the implications of research can be assessed.

  • Outline the manner in which the limitations of research can be assessed.

  • Evaluate a given health claim made about lipids.


2.3.S2:  Determination of body mass index by calculation or use of a nomogram.

  • Calculate BMI using the formula.

  • Determine BMI using a nomogram.

  • Outline effects of a BMI that is too high or too low.

Body Mass Index

BMI CFU

A&B: BMI and COVID

A&B:  BMI and cardiovascular death

Evaluating health claims slides

Evaluating claims handout

Evaluating health claims CFU

Health risks of fats

A&B:  The Skinny on Fats

How To Be A Savvy Consumer Of Science News 

Meta-analysis abstract

Scientific Studies: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver 

Trans Fats Dead at 107

Potential article for evaluating health claims of lipids

Great article: Dietary fat and cardiometabolic health: evidence, controversies, and consensus for guidance
4 Calorimetry

2.3.A3:  Lipids are more suitable for long term energy storage in humans than carbohydrates.

  • Explain the energy storage of lipids compared to that of carbohydrates.


D.1.S1:  Determination of the energy content of food by combustion

  • Explain how a calorimeter can be used to determine the energy content in food.

  • Calculate the energy content of a food sample using calorimetry data.

What is a calorie? Video

Calorimetry slides

Calorimetry handwritten notes

Carb vs lipid calorimetry lab

Virtual calorimetry lab

Calorimetry lab

Calorimetry lab data submission form

Different types of nuts calorimetry lab

Percent error for different types of nuts

Nut lab data

Types of nuts info

Nut lab conclusions

A&B:  Everything you know about calories is wrong

A&B:  The truth about carbs and calories

A&B:  How many calories in a potato reading
5 Wrap Up and Review  

Review question slides

Final knowledge Audit

Kahoot review 1

Kahoot review 2

Carbs and Lipids 1-page summary